痛いところはありますか？どこが一番つらいですか？ — Is there anywhere that hurts? Where is it most uncomfortable? (Care · Emergency, Urgent to Senior, JLPT N4)

Gesture & etiquette

Crouch or kneel to the senior's level. Maintain calm, steady eye contact. Do not touch or guess the location — wait for them to indicate with words or a gesture. If they point, ask gently: '触っていいですか？' (May I touch here?) before making contact.

Using 'つらい' (uncomfortable/distressing) alongside 'いたい' (painful) broadens the assessment to capture both physical and emotional discomfort. Ask one question at a time and allow full silence for their response — rushing pain assessment is a common and costly error.